🗄️ Data Infrastructure

Data Localization Strategy

China's data laws increasingly require local storage for certain data types. We help you understand when localization is mandatory, evaluate your options, and implement the most cost-effective compliant architecture.

3
Main Options
40-60%
Cost Savings Possible
3-6
Months to Implement

⚠️ When is Data Localization Required?

Not all companies need to localize data in China. Understanding the triggers helps you avoid over-engineering (expensive) or under-engineering (non-compliant).

Mandatory

Critical Infrastructure Operators (CII)

Must store personal information and important data collected in China domestically.

  • Telecom operators
  • Energy sector
  • Financial services
  • Healthcare
  • Transportation
Mandatory

"Important Data" Processors

Sector-specific regulations may require local storage of defined "important data."

  • Automotive data
  • Map/geolocation data
  • Population health data
  • Financial market data
Conditional

Large-Scale Data Processors

If you hit CAC thresholds and want to export data, you must either localize OR pass security assessment.

  • 1M+ user data
  • 100K+ PI exports/year
  • 10K+ sensitive PI
Strategic Choice

Performance & Business Reasons

Some companies choose localization even without legal requirements.

  • Latency requirements
  • Customer trust
  • Government contracts
  • Competitive positioning

🔀 Your Options

Three main approaches to China data compliance, each with different cost, complexity, and flexibility trade-offs.

Option 1: Full Local

High Complexity

Store and process all China-origin data in mainland China data centers. No cross-border transfers.

✅ Pros

  • Simplest compliance story
  • No CAC assessment needed
  • Best latency for users
  • Full data sovereignty

❌ Cons

  • Highest infrastructure cost
  • Operational complexity
  • May need local entity/ICP
  • Limits global integration

Option 3: CAC Route

Medium Complexity

Minimal local footprint, transfer most data abroad via approved mechanisms (CAC assessment, SCCs, or certification).

✅ Pros

  • Lowest infrastructure
  • Leverages existing systems
  • Good for small volumes
  • Fastest to implement

❌ Cons

  • Regulatory uncertainty
  • 6-12 month approval
  • Ongoing reporting
  • May not be available to all

⚙️ Our Approach

We help you find the right balance between compliance, cost, and operational efficiency.

1

Data Discovery & Classification

Map all data flows involving China. Classify by sensitivity, regulatory category, and business criticality. Identify what actually needs localization vs. what can stay global.

2

Regulatory Analysis

Analyze your specific obligations based on sector, data types, and volumes. Not everyone needs full localization—we find your actual requirements.

3

Architecture Design

Design a compliant data architecture that minimizes cost while meeting all requirements. Consider cloud providers, data segregation, sync mechanisms, and failover.

4

Vendor Selection

Evaluate local cloud providers (Alibaba Cloud, Tencent Cloud, AWS China, Azure China) and help negotiate contracts with compliance-appropriate terms.

5

Implementation Support

Guide technical teams through implementation, ensure proper controls, and validate compliance before go-live.

6

Ongoing Monitoring

Regulations evolve. We monitor changes and help you adapt your architecture as requirements shift.

💰 Cost Considerations

Data localization costs vary dramatically based on your approach. Here's what to budget for:

Component Full Local Hybrid CAC Route
Infrastructure (annual) $50K-500K+ $20K-150K $5K-30K
Implementation (one-time) $100K-300K $50K-150K $30K-80K
Regulatory (one-time) $10K-30K $30K-80K $50K-120K
Ongoing compliance $15K-40K/yr $20K-50K/yr $25K-60K/yr
Timeline 6-12 months 4-8 months 8-14 months

💡 Cost Optimization Tip

Many companies over-localize out of caution, spending 2-3x more than necessary. Proper data classification can often reduce your localization footprint—and costs—by 40-60%.

Find Your Optimal Data Strategy

Stop guessing about what needs to stay in China. Get a clear analysis of your requirements and the most cost-effective path to compliance.

Get Strategy Assessment